Lee
S, Johnson D, Dunbar K, Dong H, et al. (2005)
Lee and colleagues
used serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to analyze the effect
of RFR on gene expression at the genome level i.e. they examined the
effect on a large number of genes at the same time. The authors exposed
human HL-60 cells to pulsed RFR at 2.45 GHz frequency at an average
SAR of 10 W/kg for 2 hours and 6 hours. They found that in the 2 hour
exposure, 221 genes altered their expression, and 759 did so after
6 hours exposure. Most of the genes altered in the 2 hour exposure
were not amongst those altered in the 6 hour exposure. In the 6 hour
exposure the upregulated genes included those relating to apoptosis,
while the downregulated genes included cell cycle genes. No significant
increase was observed in the expression of heat shock genes, which
the authors believe is a sign that the observed effects on other genes
were not due to thermal effects.