Robert E.

The author reviews studies that have examined a possible association between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and adverse reproductive outcome. The adverse outcomes include infertility, sex ratio, miscarriages, premature births, intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, congenital malformations or genetic disease, perinatal deaths, and long-term effects like childhood cancer. Exposures examined include a range from extremely low frequency to microwave radiation. There have been no studies that specifically examine cell phone use.

The author states that "no conclusion can be drawn for radiofrequencies and microwaves because of lack of data, but there is no convincing evidence today that EMFs of the sort pregnant women or potential fathers meet in occupational or daily life exposures do any harm to the human reproductive process."